ML Mental Health Support System: Stress Features Identification with COVID-19 Dataset and Selection Algorithms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47839/ijc.23.3.3661Keywords:
Stress Prediction, Machine learning, Decision Support System, Mental Health, AI-based prediction, COVID-19Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in people's lives, resulting in everyone suffering from mental health issues such as stress, financial pressure, depression, frustration, and anxiety. Identifying critical features associated with mental stress can help healthcare professionals to develop effective intervention strategies. This paper aims to design a machine learning-based decision support system (DSS) to assess the mental health status of an individual after COVID-19.The primary objective of this work is to give an in-depth statistical analysis and performance evaluation of machine learning for stress prediction, with the ultimate goal of mitigating the adverse effects of stress on mental health. A survey was carried out on around 1,200 individuals. The research finding shows that age and work area significantly impact mental health. The result analysis was presented for different machine learning approaches in which the Naive Bayes classifier and Logistic Regression achieved the highest accuracy of 99% whereas the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved 71% accuracy. Random Forest shows a good performance of 98% and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) shows 75% accuracy. The evaluation results indicate that logistic regression, naive Bayes, and random forest demonstrate superior performance. This research could lead to the development of stress prediction and prevention solutions based on a Decision Support System (DSS).
References
T. Dolev, S. Zubedat, Z. Brand, B. Bloch, E. Mader, O. Blondheim, A. Avital, “Physiological parameters of mental health predict the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms in physicians treating COVID-19 patients,” Translational Psychiatry, vol. 11, pp. 178-185, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01299-6.
M. Karunakaran, J. Balusamy and K. Selvaraj, “Machine learning models based mental health detection,” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), Kannur, India, 2022, pp. 835-842. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICICT54557.2022.9917622.
S. C. KoumetioTekouabou, D. El Bachir, R. Azmi, R. Jaligot, J. Chenal, “Reviewing the application of machine learning methods to model urban form indicators in planning decision support systems: Potential, issues and challenges,” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, issue 8, part B, pp. 5943-5967, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.08.007.
S. Safdar, S. Zafar, N. Zafar, et al., “Machine learning based decision support systems (DSS) for heart disease diagnosis: A review,” Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 50, pp. 597–623, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-017-9552-8.
R. Kumar, S. Mukherjee, T.-M. Choi, L. Dhamotharan, “Mining voices from self-expressed messages on social-media: Diagnostics of mental distress during COVID-19,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 162, 113792, pp. 104-111, 2022, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dss. 2022.113792.
D. Benrimoh, R. Fratila, S. Israel, K. Perlman, N. Mirchi, S. Desai, A. Rosenfeld, S. Knappe, J. Behrmann, C. Rollins, R. P. You, T. Team, “Aifred Health, a deep learning powered clinical decision support system for mental health,” In: Escalera, S., Weimer, M. (eds) The NIPS'17 Competition: Building Intelligent Systems. The Springer Series on Challenges in Machine Learning. Springer, Cham., pp. 204-211, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94042-7_13.
G. González Rodríguez, J.M. Gonzalez-Cava, J. A. Méndez Pérez, “An intelligent decision support system for production planning based on machine learning,” J Intell Manuf, vol. 31, pp. 1257–1273, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-019-01510-y.
S.Tutun, M.E. Johnson, A. Ahmed, et al., “An AI-based decision support system for predicting mental health disorders,” Inf Syst Front, vol. 25, pp. 1261–1276, 2023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10282-5.
Z. Zhou, D. Luo, B. X. Yang, Z. Liu, “Machine learning-based prediction models for depression symptoms among chinese healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 outbreak in 2020: A cross-sectional study,”Front. Psychiatry,vol. 13, 876995, 2022.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876995.
A. Kumar, “Machine learning for psychological disorder prediction in Indians during COVID-19 nationwide lockdown,” pp. 161–172, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3233/IDT-200061.
P. Gupta, et al., “Predictive modeling of stress in the healthcare industry during COVID-19: A novel approach using XGBoost, SHAP values, and tree explainer,” IJDSST, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDSST.315758.
L. Flesia, M. Monaro, C. Mazza, V. Fietta, E. Colicino, B. Segatto, P. Roma, “Predicting perceived stress related to the COVID-19 outbreak through stable psychological traits and machine learning models,” J. Clin. Med., vol. 9, 3350, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103350.
Q. Abbas, A. R. Baig, A.Hussain, “Classification of Post-COVID-19 emotions with residual-based separable convolution networks and EEG signals,” Sustainability, vol. 15, 1293, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021293.
N. Bhirud, S. Tatale, P. Jain, A. Kulkarni, M. Panchpor, N. K. Jain, “Development of psychiatric COVID-19 chatbot using deep learning,” in: Dey, N. (eds) Data-Driven Approach for Bio-medical and Healthcare, Data-Intensive Research. Springer, Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5184-8_10.
"COVID-19 Student Mental Health Survey", Kaggle, 2022, [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/COVID-19-student-mental-health-survey
“KaggleCOVID-19 Mental Health Survey,” Kaggle, 2022. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/kaggle-COVID-19-mental-health-survey
J. Smith, et al., “Predicting mental health in students using machine learning feature selection algorithms,” International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 72-79,2022.
T. Nguyen, et al., “Machine learning feature selection for mental health prediction in students during COVID-19,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Engineering, 2022, pp. 113-120.
Y. Kim, et al., “A comparative study of feature selection algorithms for mental health prediction in students during COVID-19,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Mining and Machine Learning, 2022, pp. 65-72.
S. Hossain, M. M. Islam, M. M. Rahman, “A predictive model for mental health assessment in students during COVID-19 pandemic,” Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Data Engineering (iCMLDE), April 2022, pp. 1-6.
A. Singh, A. Verma, A.Goyal, “Mental health prediction of students during COVID-19 using machine learning,” Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ICETITE), March 2022, pp. 1-6.
S. Sharma, S. Gupta, A. Singh, “Predicting mental health issues among students using machine learning algorithms during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), March 2022, pp. 1187-1192.
R. Kaur, A. Kaur, S. Kaur,“A machine learning-based approach for predicting mental health in students during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Communication and Security (ICCCS), March 2022, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGENCON56628.2022.10083995.
N. Sood, M. Singh, N. Kumar,“Predicting mental health of students using machine learning techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, and Control (ICAC3), March 2022, pp. 1-6.
R. Singh, R. Gupta, A. Kaur, “Mental health prediction in students using machine learning feature selection algorithms,” Journal of Education and Health Promotion, vol. 10, issue 1, 238, 2021.
S. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, “Predicting anxiety in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach,” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, 659455, 2021.
D. H. Kim, S. Y. Kim, S. H. Kim, S. K. Lee, “Machine learning-based prediction of stress in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, issue 3, 1125, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111381.
Q. H. Nguyen, T. T. Luu, T. H. Nguyen, D. T. Hoang, “Depression prediction in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, issue 6, 2889, 2021.
K. Chaturvedi, D. Vishwakarma, N. Singh, “COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A Survey,” Children and Youth Services Review, vol. 121, 105866, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105866.
C. Iwendi, A. K. Bashir, A. Peshkar, R. Sujatha, J. M. Chatterjee, S. Pasupuleti, R. Mishra, S. Pillai, O. Jo, “COVID-19 patient health prediction using boosted random forest algorithm,” Front. Public Health, vol. 8, 357, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00357.
H. Peiqing, “Multidimensional state data reduction and evaluation of college students' mental health based on SVM,” Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2022, pp. 1-11, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4961203.
T. Alakuş, I. Turkoglu, “Comparison of deep learning approaches to predict COVID-19 infection,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 140, 110120, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110120.
M. S. H. Mukta, S. Islam, S. Shatabda, M. E. Ali, A. Zaman, “Predicting academic performance: Analysis of students' mental health condition from social media interactions,” Behavioral Sciences, vol. 12, issue 4, 87, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12040087.
R. Rois, M. Ray, A. Rahman, S. Roy, Swapan, “Prevalence and predicting factors of perceived stress among Bangladeshi university students using machine learning algorithms,” Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, vol. 40, 50, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01468-x.
J. Kim, et al., “Prediction model for student depression using machine learning algorithms,” Healthcare Informatics Research, vol. 26, issue 1, pp. 15-22, 2020.
S. Rijal, et al., “A machine learning approach to assess student mental health using data mining techniques,” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 11, issue 9, pp. 357-363, 2020.
H. Ahmed, et al., “Prediction of anxiety and stress among university students due to COVID-19 using machine learning algorithms,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 18, 6566, 2020.
S. Park, et al., “Predictive model for student mental health using machine learning algorithms during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Healthcare Informatics Research, vol. 26, issue 4, pp. 284-291, 2020.
L. Li, et al., “Analysis of the mental health status of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning algorithms,” Journal of Healthcare Engineering, vol. 12, 14965, 2020.
Kaggle. Mental Health and Wellbeing Survey. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/osmi/mental-health-in-tech-survey
Kaggle. World Mental Health Survey Initiative. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/jonathanbouchet/world-mental-health-survey-initiative
Kaggle. COVID-19 Symptom Survey.[Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/imdevskp/COVID19-symptoms-checker
Kaggle. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/cdc/yrbss
Kaggle. National Survey of Children's Health. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kaggle.com/jchen2186/national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey
A. Shukla, A. Singh, A. Bajpai, “Predicting mental health of Indian students during COVID-19 using machine learning techniques,” Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol. 58, issue 8, pp. 1421-1437, 2020.
A. Kumar, S. Dua, “Feature selection for mental health prediction models in Indian students during COVID-19,” Journal of Medical Systems, vol. 44, issue 12, 225, 2020.
S. Verma, S. Garg, R. Gupta, “COVID-19 and mental health of Indian students: a predictive model using machine learning algorithms,” Asian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 54, 102437, 2020.
X. Zhang, F. T. S. Chan, C. Yan, I. Bose, “Towards risk-aware artificial and machine learning systems: An overview,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 159, 113800, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2022.113800.
K. Kumar, P. Kumar, D. Deb, M.-L. Unguresan, V. Muresan, “Artificial intelligence and machine learning based intervention in medical infrastructure: A review and future trends,” Healthcare, vol. 11, 207, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020207.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
International Journal of Computing is an open access journal. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:• Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
• Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
• Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.